Epidemiological Burden and Integrated Community-Based Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from the London Borough of Brent and Implications for African Public Health Systems
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a significant public health challenge globally, with disproportionate prevalence among marginalized populations in developed nations and increasingly in low- and middle-income countries. This integrative literature review examines the epidemiological trends, policy frameworks, and evidence-based interventions for T2D management, utilizing the London Borough of Brent as a comparative case study. We analyzed the T2D burden in Brent (27,150 diagnosed cases; 8.9% of England's total), which is projected to increase substantially by 2030, particularly among Black and minority ethnic populations and individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The review synthesized evidence on lifestyle modifications, self-monitoring glucose interventions, medication adherence, and stress management, evaluated within the theoretical frameworks of Orem's self-care theory and the social-cognitive paradigm. Key findings indicate that multi-faceted interventions combining physical activity, dietary modifications, and self-management education significantly improve glycemic control and reduce disease complications. The Brent Integrated Diabetes Service exemplifies how national policy frameworks can be operationalized through community-based programs. The roles of nurses as health educators and psychological supporters within interprofessional teams emerge as critical to intervention effectiveness. This review underscores the imperative for African health systems to develop integrated, culturally-tailored diabetes management strategies that address structural inequities and enhance community engagement in self-care initiatives.
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